Which statement reflects NSAID drug interactions related to gastrointestinal toxicity?

• A. Avoid use with additive GI toxicity
• B. Increase INR with warfarin
• C. Inhibit cortisol production
• D. Enhance renal clearance of antibiotics

Answer: (A)

NSAIDs cause GI mucosal injury mainly by inhibiting protective prostaglandins in the stomach. When combined with other drugs that also cause GI irritation or compromise mucosal defenses, the risk of ulcers and GI bleeding increases substantially. The statement that best reflects this is to avoid use with additives GI toxicity, because it directly addresses minimizing compounds that heighten GI harm. The other options describe interactions that are not primarily about GI mucosal toxicity—warfarin affects bleeding risk (not an INR effect here), NSAIDs don’t inhibit cortisol production, and they don’t enhance renal clearance of antibiotics.